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Public reading · as of 2026-07-09 · educational, not investment advice

Apple Inc.
AAPL · NASDAQ · Information Technology · Electronic Computers
$313.39+0.88% (+2.73)Mkt cap $4.60TEOD 2026-07-08

What this company does

Apple designs, manufactures, and markets consumer electronics including smartphones, personal computers, tablets, wearables, and accessories. The company also sells a variety of services such as advertising, cloud storage, digital content platforms, payment services, and AppleCare support. Revenue comes from selling these hardware products and services to consumers, businesses, education, enterprise, and government customers worldwide.

From the company’s latest 10-K · 2025-10-31, paraphrased.

Tap any ? to learn what it means and how it’s calculated.

Three-lens reading

The premium valuation (P/E 38, P/S 10) prices in durable compounding, but the 6% revenue growth and mature product cycles leave little margin for error if margins or returns fade.

ValueHigh

Premium multiple, justified

Is it cheap for what you get?

On balance, the premium valuation reflects confidence that Apple can sustain high returns and steady growth rather than a bet on explosive expansion. The P/E of 38 sits well above the market average but is grounded in a 27% net margin, 115% ROE, and $123B in free cash flow. The market is pricing Apple as a compounder of high-quality earnings, not a turnaround or speculative growth story.

Supportsnet income CAGR 10% (2016–2025)ROE 115%ROCE 62%FCF $123BFCF margin 27%net margin 27%
Mixedrevenue growth 6% YoY
ContextP/E 38P/S 10.2P/B 43shareholder yield 2.3%
GrowthHigh

Steady, mid-single-digit

How fast and durably is it expanding?

On balance, the growth profile is consistent and durable rather than dynamic. Revenue rose 8% annually from 2017 to 2025 and 6% over the trailing year, with net income compounding at 10% from 2016 to 2025. The business has matured into mid-to-high-single-digit top-line growth supported by the installed base, services expansion, and product refresh cycles. The recent $30B Broadcom AI chip partnership and upcoming Siri relaunch signal investment in next-generation capabilities, but these are early-stage initiatives rather than near-term inflection points.

Supportsrevenue CAGR 8% (2017–2025)revenue growth 6% YoYnet income CAGR 10% (2016–2025)FCF CAGR 7% (2016–2025)net margin +6 points (2017→2025)$30B Broadcom AI chip deal through 2031Siri relaunch and Apple Intelligence investment
ContextR&D 9% of revenue
QualityHigh

Exceptionally high returns

How profitable, sound and well-run is it?

On balance, the quality is textbook: high returns, strong cash generation, and a fortress balance sheet. ROE of 115% and ROCE of 62% (up from 21% in 2017) reflect capital-light operations and aggressive capital return. Net margin of 27% and FCF margin of 27% translate to $123B in free cash flow on $451B in revenue. Net cash of $63B and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.79 leave ample financial flexibility. Interest coverage of 37× and a current ratio of 1.07 indicate no liquidity stress. Stock-based compensation of $13B (3% of revenue) is an ongoing dilution cost but modest relative to the cash generation.

SupportsROE 115%ROCE 62%, up 40 points (2017→2025)net margin 27%FCF margin 27%FCF $123Bgross margin 48%operating margin 33%net cash $63Bdebt/equity 0.79interest coverage 37×shareholder yield 2.3%
Mixedstock-based comp $13B (3% of revenue)
💡Worth knowing
Return on equity

ROE of 115% signals exceptional capital efficiency, though it is amplified by Apple's use of debt ($85B) to fund buybacks and shrink the equity base to $107B—a financial engineering benefit layered on top of strong operations.

Free cash flow

Free cash flow of $123B (27% of revenue) matches net income almost exactly, indicating high earnings quality with minimal working capital drag—a hallmark of a capital-light, scale business.

Price-to-earnings

The 38 P/E against 6% revenue growth implies the market values durability and margin power over raw growth—a bet that Apple can sustain 27% margins and 115% ROE rather than reaccelerate top-line expansion.

Stock-based comp

SBC of $13B (3% of revenue, $0.89 per share) is an ongoing cost to shareholders via dilution, though Apple's aggressive buyback program has reduced shares outstanding by ~600M since 2017, more than offsetting the dilution.

Net margin

The 27% net margin (up 6 points from 21% in 2017) reflects pricing power, scale economies, and a services mix shift, though it leaves the business exposed if pricing pressure or cost inflation emerges.

Bull case

Apple is a cash-generation machine with $123B in free cash flow, 27% margins, and 115% ROE—among the highest quality businesses in the world. The $30B Broadcom AI chip partnership and Siri relaunch position the company to extend its installed-base advantage into the AI era, while the diversified revenue base (geographic segments, iPhone, Mac, iPad, wearables, services) and pricing power provide resilience. With $63B in net cash, a 2.3% shareholder yield, and room to expand the 13% payout ratio, Apple can return capital aggressively while investing in next-generation products. The 8% revenue CAGR and 10% net income CAGR since 2016 show the business compounds steadily even as it matures.

Bear case

At 38× earnings and 10× sales, the valuation prices in perfection—any margin compression, competitive pressure in China, or slower-than-expected AI adoption would justify a lower multiple. Revenue growth has decelerated to 6% annually, and the mature iPhone cycle leaves less room for unit expansion. Stock-based compensation of $13B annually (3% of revenue) is an ongoing dilution cost that offsets some of the buyback benefit. The $30B Broadcom AI chip deal and Siri relaunch are multi-year bets with unproven adoption; if the installed base does not monetize AI features at scale, the growth thesis weakens. With a 2.3% shareholder yield and the stock trading near all-time highs, investors are paying a premium for a compounder that must execute flawlessly to justify the price.

What must be true
  • Net margin holds near 27% (now 27%)
  • ROCE stays above 60% (now 62%)
  • Revenue growth remains mid-single-digit or better (now 6% YoY)
  • Services and installed base continue to drive recurring revenue and pricing power
What would change the thesis
  • Net margin falls below 25% (now 27%), signaling pricing pressure or cost inflation
  • Revenue growth drops to low-single-digit or negative, indicating market-share loss or demand softness
  • ROCE declines materially (now 62%), suggesting the business is consuming capital rather than compounding it
  • Services growth stalls or the installed base stops expanding, removing the recurring-revenue ballast

What to watch

SignalWhat to watch forWhere it stands
TailwindGrowth
AI chip adoption and Siri relaunch: the $30B Broadcom partnership and Apple Intelligence initiative are multi-year bets on differentiation. If adoption lags or monetization remains unclear, the growth thesis weakens.services revenue growth accelerates or iPhone ASPs rise on AI features$30B commitment through 2031, revenue impact unproven
Apple commits $30 billion to Broadcom for U.S. chipmaking ... ↗
Watch-outQuality
Net margin trajectory: each margin point is worth ~$4.5B in net income. If pricing pressure or cost inflation erodes the 27% margin, earnings quality deteriorates.net margin holds above 25%27% net margin now, ~$4.5B per margin point
Watch-outGrowth
China demand and competitive dynamics: Greater China is a reportable segment but growth is not broken out. If iPhone share or ASPs decline in China, top-line growth stalls.revenue growth remains mid-single-digit or better6% revenue growth YoY, China revenue not disclosed
Apple shares pop 5% as Wall Street weighs iPhone roadmap ... ↗
TailwindQuality
Capital return sustainability: with $63B in net cash and $123B in FCF, Apple has room to expand the 13% payout ratio. If FCF growth slows or the company invests more heavily in capex, the shareholder yield may compress.FCF holds above $120B and payout ratio expands toward 20%2.3% shareholder yield, 13% payout ratio

Research and education, not investment advice. AI-generated and may contain errors — verify against primary sources before relying on it; Navam Digital is not responsible for decisions made from this output. The reading is grounded in the facts below; you make the decision. Generated by Sonnet, with recent news.

Peers

suggested comparables

Suggested from sector and business model. Each ticker is verified against SEC filings.

Comparables are suggested by industry, business model, and available filings. They are not investment recommendations, and may differ in size, capital structure, or valuation.

  • MSFTMICROSOFT CORP
    Consumer electronics, software ecosystem, cloud services
  • GOOGAlphabet Inc.
    Consumer hardware, mobile OS, AI integration
  • DELLDell Technologies Inc.
    Personal computers, laptops, consumer electronics manufacturing
  • HPQHP INC
    Personal computers, laptops, consumer technology products

Recent news

8 headlines

Apple Inc. announced a $30 billion multi-year partnership with Broadcom to produce more than 15 billion US-made AI chips, marking the company's largest American manufacturing commitment to date. The deal, which extends through 2031, will focus on specialized radio frequency and custom silicon components to power Apple Intelligence and the upcoming Siri relaunch. This agreement also includes Broadcom expanding and modernizing its Fort Collins, Colorado manufacturing facilities to support advanced wireless connectivity technologies.

Recent coverage feeding the reading above. Links open the source.

Financials

Prices are end-of-day; fundamentals come from the company's latest SEC filings and each carries its own as-of date (shown per row), so they are not as current as the price. Tags: SEC straight from the filing, computed derived by ThreeLens from filed figures, market from a market-data feed.

Revenue$451.44B
TTM = FY2025 (416.16B) + 2Q (254.94B) − prior 2Q (219.66B) SEC
Net income$122.58B
TTM = FY2025 (112.01B) + 2Q (71.67B) − prior 2Q (61.11B) SEC
Operating income$147.37B
TTM = FY2025 (133.05B) + 2Q (86.74B) − prior 2Q (72.42B) SEC
Gross profit$216.07B
GrossProfit (TTM) 216.07B computed
Free cash flow$123.32B
FCF = 135.47B (TTM operating cash flow) − 12.15B (TTM capex) computed
Diluted EPS$8.26
TTM = FY2025 (7.46) + 2Q (4.85) − prior 2Q (4.05) SEC
Revenue growth (YoY)6.4%
(FY2025 416.16B − FY2024 391.04B) / prior computed
Total equity$106.49B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Total assets$371.08B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Total debt$83.94B
LongTermDebtNoncurrent 74.40B + current LongTermDebtCurrent 8.31B (as of 2026-03-28) + finance leases 1.23B SEC
Cash & equivalents$45.57B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Dividends per share$1.04
TTM = FY2025 (1.02) + 2Q (0.52) − prior 2Q (0.5) SEC
Shares outstanding14.69B
as of 2026-04-17 SEC
Current liabilities$134.64B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Operating cash flow$135.47B
TTM = FY2025 (111.48B) + 1Q (53.92B) − prior 1Q (29.93B) SEC
Capital expenditure$12.15B
TTM = FY2025 (12.71B) + 1Q (2.37B) − prior 1Q (2.94B) SEC
Net cash$62.65B
Net cash = 45.57B (cash) + 101.02B (securities) − 83.94B (total debt) computed
Enterprise value$4.54T
EV = 4.60T (market cap) + 83.94B (debt) − 45.57B (cash) − 101.02B (securities) computed
EBITDA$159.20B
EBITDA = 147.37B (TTM operating income) + 11.83B (TTM D&A) computed
Current assets$144.11B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Inventory$6.75B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Total liabilities$264.59B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Marketable securities$101.02B
Marketable securities = current 22.93B + non-current 78.09B computed
Intangible assets$25.80B
as of 2026-03-28 SEC
Depreciation & amortization$11.83B
TTM = FY2025 (11.70B) + 1Q (3.21B) − prior 1Q (3.08B) SEC
Interest expense$3.93B
FY2023 (3.93B) SEC
R&D expense$40.04B
TTM = FY2025 (34.55B) + 2Q (22.31B) − prior 2Q (16.82B) SEC
Stock-based compensation$13.17B
TTM = FY2025 (12.86B) + 1Q (3.59B) − prior 1Q (3.29B) SEC

Ratios — computed from filings + price

P / E37.94
P/E = 313.39 / 8.26 (TTM diluted EPS) computed
P / B43.22
P/B = 313.39 / 7.25 (book/share = equity 106.49B / 14.69B sh) computed
P / S10.20
P/S = 313.39 / 30.74 (sales/share = revenue 451.44B / 14.69B sh) computed
ROE115.1%
ROE = 122.58B (TTM NI) / 106.49B (equity) × 100 computed
ROCE62.3%
ROCE = 147.37B (TTM EBIT) / 236.44B (assets − current liab) × 100 computed
Debt / equity0.79
D/E = 83.94B (LT debt) / 106.49B (equity) computed
Current ratio1.07
Current ratio = 144.11B (current assets) / 134.64B (current liab) computed
Net margin27.2%
Net margin = 122.58B (TTM NI) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
Gross margin47.9%
Gross margin = 216.07B (TTM gross profit) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
Free cash flow margin27.3%
FCF margin = 123.32B (TTM free cash flow) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
Dividend yield0.3%
Yield = 1.04 (TTM DPS) / 313.39 × 100 computed
Operating margin32.6%
Operating margin = 147.37B (TTM operating income) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
Return on assets33.0%
ROA = 122.58B (TTM NI) / 371.08B (total assets) × 100 computed
FCF per share$8.40
FCF/share = 123.32B (TTM free cash flow) / 14.69B (shares) computed
Dividend payout ratio12.6%
Payout = 1.04 (TTM DPS) / 8.26 (TTM diluted EPS) × 100 computed
Book value / share$7.25
Book value/share = 106.49B (equity) / 14.69B sh computed
Asset turnover1.22
Asset turnover = 451.44B (TTM revenue) / 371.08B (total assets) computed
Quick ratio1.02
Quick ratio = (144.11B current assets − 6.75B inventory) / 134.64B (current liab) computed
Interest coverage37.47
Interest coverage = 147.37B (TTM EBIT) / 3.93B (TTM interest expense) computed
EV / EBITDA28.52
EV/EBITDA = 4540.22B (enterprise value) / 159.20B (TTM EBITDA) computed
P / TBV57.04
P/TBV = 313.39 / 5.49 (tangible book/share = (equity 106.49B − goodwill 0 − intangibles 25.80B) / 14.69B sh) computed
Effective tax rate17.0%
Effective tax rate = 25.09B (TTM tax) / 147.67B (TTM pretax income) × 100 computed
R&D intensity8.9%
R&D intensity = 40.04B (TTM R&D) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
SBC intensity2.9%
SBC intensity = 13.17B (TTM stock-based comp) / 451.44B (TTM rev) × 100 computed
Shareholder yield2.3%
Shareholder yield = (12.75B dividends + 91.81B buybacks) / 4602.87B (market cap) × 100 computed

Trends — from filings

Revenue$229.23B$416.16B
201720212025
+82% over 9 yrs
Net income$45.69B$112.01B
201620202025
+145% over 10 yrs
Free cash flow$53.50B$98.77B
201620202025
+85% over 10 yrs
Net margin21.1%26.9%
201720212025
+5.8 pp over 9 yrs
FCF margin22.6%23.7%
201720212025
+1.1 pp over 9 yrs
ROCE21.1%61.3%
201720212025
+40.3 pp over 9 yrs

TTM = trailing twelve months — the last four quarters, kept current. Tap to learn more.

Sources

Compiled from 4 public sources — filings and recent news, not analyst opinion. Fundamentals are from SEC EDGAR; market data via Twelve Data.